Muni's PlaySource for Sanskrit text: Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon (Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam, Chapter 2)
Verse 23: The Connection of Mind and Factors
Sanskrit Text
चित्तं चैत्ताः सहावश्यं सर्व संस्कृतलक्षणैः।
प्राप्त्या वा पञ्चधा चैत्ता महाभूम्यादिभेदतः॥२३॥
Transliteration
cittaṃ caittāḥ sahāvaśyaṃ sarva saṃskṛtalakṣaṇaiḥ |
prāptyā vā pañcadhā caittā mahābhūmyādibhedataḥ || 23 ||
Translation
“The mind (Citta) and mental factors (Caittas) always arise together with the characteristics of the conditioned (birth, stay, decay, and death). Along with ‘possession’ (Prāpti), mental factors are divided into five categories, such as the ‘Great Ground’ (Mahābhūmika) and others.”
Verse 24: The Universal Mental Factors (Mahābhūmika)
Sanskrit Text
वेदना चेतना संज्ञा च्छन्दः स्पर्शो मतिः स्मृतिः।
मनस्कारोऽधिमोक्षश्च समाधिः सर्वचेतसि॥२४॥
Transliteration
vedanā cetanā saṃjñā cchandaḥ sparśo matiḥ smṛtiḥ |
manaskāro’dhimokṣaśca samādhiḥ sarvacetasi || 24 ||
Translation
“Feeling (Vedanā), volition (Cetanā), perception (Saṃjñā), desire/interest (Chanda), contact (Sparśa), wisdom/discernment (Mati), mindfulness (Smṛti), attention (Manaskāra), resolve (Adhimokṣa), and concentration (Samādhi)—these ten exist in every state of mind.”
Verse 25: The Virtuous Factors (Kuśala Mahābhūmika)
Sanskrit Text
श्रद्धाऽप्रमादः प्रश्रब्धिरुपेक्षा ह्रीरपत्रपा।
मूलद्वयमहिंसा च वीर्यं च कुशले सदा॥२५॥
Transliteration
śraddhā’pramādaḥ praśrabdhirupekṣā hrīrapatrapā |
mūladvayamahiṃsā ca vīryaṃ ca kuśale sadā || 25 ||
Translation
“Faith (Śraddhā), vigilance (Apramāda), serenity (Praśrabdhi), equanimity (Upekṣā), moral shame (Hrī), dread of blame (Apatrapā), the two roots (non-greed and non-hatred), non-violence (Ahiṃsā), and energy (Vīrya)—these are always present in virtuous minds.”
Verse 26: The Defiled and Non-Virtuous Factors
Sanskrit Text
मोहः प्रमादः कौशीद्यमाश्रद्धयं स्त्यानमुद्धवः।
क्लिष्टे सदैव अकुशले त्वाह्रीक्यमनपत्रपा॥२६॥
Transliteration
mohaḥ pramādaḥ kauśīdyamāśraddhayaṃ styānamuddhavaḥ |
kliṣṭe sadaiva akuśale tvāhrīkyamanapatrapā || 26 ||
Translation
“Ignorance (Moha), negligence (Pramāda), laziness (Kauśīdya), lack of faith (Āśraddhya), lethargy (Styāna), and excitement (Uddhava) are always in defiled minds. In specifically non-virtuous minds, shamelessness (Āhrīkya) and disregard for blame (Anapatrapā) are also present.”
Verse 27: The Minor Defilements (Parīttakleśa)
Sanskrit Text
क्रोधोपनाहशाठ्येर्ष्याप्रदासम्रक्षमत्सराः।
मायामदविहिंसाश्च परीत्तक्लेशभूमिकाः॥२७॥
Transliteration
krodhopanāhaśāṭhyeṛṣyāpradāsamrakṣamatsarāḥ |
māyāmadavihiṃsāśca parīttakleśabhūmikāḥ || 27 ||
Translation
“Anger (Krodha), enmity (Upanāha), concealment (Mrakṣa), envy (Īrṣyā), spite (Pradāsa), deceit (Māyā), fraud (Śāṭhya), arrogance (Mada), harmfulness (Vihiṃsā), and jealousy (Matsara)—these constitute the ‘Minor Ground’ of defilements.”
Verses 28–30: Mathematical Combinations
These verses explain exactly how many factors “cluster” together depending on the quality of the thought:
- Verse 28:
Sanskrit Text
सवितर्कविचारत्वात् कुशले कामचेतसि।
द्वांविंशतिश्चैतसिकाः कौकृत्यमधिकं क्वचित्॥२८॥
Transliteration
savitarkavicāratvāt kuśale kāmacetasi |
dvāṃviṃśatiścaitasikāḥ kaukṛtyamadhikaṃ kvacit || 28 ||
Translation
In a virtuous mind of the Desire Realm, there are 22 factors (10 Universal + 10 Virtuous + Vitarka & Vicāra). Sometimes remorse (Kaukṛtya) is added.
- Verse 29:
Sanskrit Text
आवेणिके त्वकुशले दृष्टियुक्ते च विंशतिः।
क्लेशैश्चतुर्भिः क्रोधाद्यैः कौकृत्येनैकविंशतिः॥२९॥
Transliteration
āveṇike tvakuśale dṛṣṭiyukte ca viṃśatiḥ |
kleśaiścaturbhiḥ krodhādyaiḥ kaukṛtyenaikaviṃśatiḥ || 29 ||
Translation
In non-virtuous minds associated with “wrong views,” there are 20 factors. If the mind is driven by anger or remorse, the count reaches 21.
- Verse 30:
Sanskrit Text
निवृतेऽष्टादश अन्यत्र द्वादशाव्याकृते मताः।
मिद्धं सर्वाविरोधित्वाद्यत्र स्यादधिकं हि तत्॥३०॥
Transliteration
nivṛte’ṣṭādaśa anyatra dvādaśāvyākṛte matāḥ |
middhaṃ sarvāvirodhitvādyatra syādadhikaṃ hi tat || 30 ||
Translation
In “obscured-neutral” minds, there are 18 factors. In other “neutral” minds, there are 12. Torpor (Middha) can be added to any of these because it does not conflict with the others.
Summary
The Complete 46 Mental Factors (Caitasikas):
| Category | Count | Sanskrit Terms (Translation) |
|---|---|---|
| Mahābhūmika (Universal) | 10 | Vedanā (Feeling), Saṃjñā (Perception), Cetanā (Volition), Sparśa (Contact), Chanda (Desire), Mati (Wisdom), Smṛti (Mindfulness), Manaskāra (Attention), Adhimokṣa (Resolve), Samādhi (Concentration) |
| Kuśala (Virtuous) | 10 | Śraddhā (Faith), Apramāda (Vigilance), Praśrabdhi (Serenity), Upekṣā (Equanimity), Hrī (Moral shame), Apatrapā (Dread of blame), Alobha (Non-greed), Adveṣa (Non-hatred), Ahiṃsā (Non-violence), Vīrya (Energy) |
| Kleśa (Defiled) | 6 | Moha (Ignorance), Pramāda (Negligence), Kauśīdya (Laziness), Āśraddhya (Lack of faith), Styāna (Lethargy), Uddhava (Excitement) |
| Akuśala (Non-Virtuous) | 2 | Āhrīkya (Shamelessness), Anapatrapā (Disregard for blame) |
| Parīttakleśa (Minor) | 10 | Krodha (Anger), Upanāha (Enmity), Mrakṣa (Concealment), Īrṣyā (Envy), Pradāsa (Spite), Māyā (Deceit), Śāṭhya (Fraud), Mada (Arrogance), Vihiṃsā (Harmfulness), Matsara (Jealousy) |
| Aniyata (Variable) | 8 | Vitarka (Applied thought), Vicāra (Sustained thought), Kaukṛtya (Remorse), Middha (Torpor), plus the 4 “indefinite” roots (often treated as a separate set in deeper commentary). |