प्रथममात्मोपव्याख्यानम् (Exposition on the Atman)

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

एक एवात्मा सर्गात्प्राक् ।

Translation

Before creation, the Self (Atman) alone existed.


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

अनन्तरं परितः पूर्णः शक्त्या ।

Translation

Thereafter, it became filled everywhere with Power (Shakti).


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

पचति भुवनान्यजस्रम् ।

Translation

It constantly matures (evolves and sustains) the worlds.


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

प्राणे तु स्फुरति ।

Translation

It pulsates within the Life-force (Prana).


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

स्वयं समष्टिप्राणः ।

Translation

It is itself the Collective Life-force of the universe.


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

तमेकमेव सन्तं वैभवभेदाच्चतुर्धा प्राहुः ।

Translation

Though it is only One, they speak of it in four ways due to the differences in its manifestations (vaibhava).


Sutra 7

Sanskrit Text

मूलभूतं परमात्मानम् ।

Translation

(First,) as the Paramatman, the Primal Root of all.


Sutra 8

Sanskrit Text

सर्गादनन्तरं तमेव भुवनानि पचन्तमीश्वरम् ।

Translation

(Second,) as Ishvara, who matures the worlds after creation.


Sutra 9

Sanskrit Text

एष इन्द्रः प्राचां भाषायाम् ।

Translation

This is called Indra in the language of the ancients.


Sutra 10

Sanskrit Text

ब्रह्माण्डप्राणे रविमण्डले स्फुरन्तं हिरण्यगर्भम् ।

Translation

(Third,) as Hiranyagarbha, pulsating in the solar orb as the life-breath of the cosmos.


Sutra 11

Sanskrit Text

एष सविता प्राचां भाषायाम् ।

Translation

This is called Savitar (the Sun) in the language of the ancients.


Sutra 12

Sanskrit Text

पिण्डेषु श्रेष्ठे स्फुरन्तं विराजम् ।

Translation

(Fourth,) as Viraj, pulsating within the most excellent of physical bodies (pindas).


Sutra 13

Sanskrit Text

एष वैश्वानरः प्राचां भाषायाम् ।

Translation

This is called Vaiśvānara in the language of the ancients.


द्वितीयं कालोपव्याख्यानम् (Chapter 2: Exposition on Time)

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

आत्मनो विज्ञानधारा कालः ।

Translation

Time is the continuous stream of consciousness (vijnana-dhara) of the Self.


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

सान्तर्मुखी प्रतीची ।

Translation

When turned inward, it is called Pratīcī (the inner path).


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

बहिर्मुखी पराची ।

Translation

When turned outward, it is called Parācī (the outer path).


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

विश्रान्ता शान्तिः ।

Translation

When it is at rest, it is Śānti (Peace/Stillness).


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

तासामेतान्यपराणि नामत्रिकाणि ।

Translation

These three states have other sets of triple names:


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

प्रज्ञानं विज्ञानं मौनम् ।

Translation

(Namely) Prajñāna (Intuition), Vijñāna (Objective knowledge), and Mauna (Silence).


Sutra 7

Sanskrit Text

योगः सङ्गस्त्यागः ।

Translation

Yoga, Saṅgaḥ (Attachment/Association) and Tyāga (Relinquishment).


Sutra 8

Sanskrit Text

व्याप्तिर्व्यायामा उप्रतिः ।

Translation

Vyāpti (Pervasion), Vyāyāma (Exertion/Expansion), and Uparati (Cessation).


Sutra 9

Sanskrit Text

तासामेकैकां पुनर्वैभवभेदाच्चतुर्धा चतुर्धा व्यवहरन्ति ।

Translation

Each of these three is further treated as fourfold based on their manifestations.


Sutra 10

Sanskrit Text

सर्गः स्वप्नस्तपः सायुज्यं चेति प्रतीचीम् ।

Translation

Creation, Dream, Austerity, and Union belong to Pratīcī (the inner).


Sutra 11

Sanskrit Text

स्थितिर्जागरितं कर्म भोगश्चेति पराचीम् ।

Translation

Maintenance, Waking state, Action, and Enjoyment belong to Parācī (the outer).


Sutra 12

Sanskrit Text

प्रलयो निद्रा सम्प्रसादो मुक्तिश्चेति विश्रान्ताम् ।

Translation

Dissolution, Sleep, Deep Bliss (Samprasada), and Liberation belong to Viśrāntā (the resting).


Sutra 13

Sanskrit Text

अहर्वा एतद्यत्पराची ।

Translation

That which is outward-turned (Parācī) is indeed the Day.


Sutra 14

Sanskrit Text

रात्रिर्वा एषा यद्विश्रान्ता ।

Translation

That which is at rest (Viśrāntā) is indeed the Night.


Sutra 15

Sanskrit Text

सन्ध्या वा एषा यत्प्रतीची ।

Translation

That which is inward-turned (Pratīcī) is indeed the Twilight (Sandhya).


Sutra 16

Sanskrit Text

भूतं भवद्भावि च विज्ञानधारा ।

Translation

Past, present, and future are (simply) the stream of consciousness.


Sutra 17

Sanskrit Text

एवं कालस्य द्विधापि त्रित्वं व्याख्यातम् ।

Translation

Thus, the threefold nature of the two states of Time is explained.


Sutra 18

Sanskrit Text

इतोऽन्यो व्यवहारो भासः ।

Translation

Any conventional usage other than this is mere appearance (bhasa).



तृतीयं लोकोपव्याख्यानम् (Chapter 3: Exposition on the Worlds)

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

अयं लोकः प्रथमः ।

Translation

This (physical) world is the first.


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं शरीरम् ।

Translation

Pertaining to the individual, it is the Body.


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

सर्वे ग्रहाः ससूर्यचन्द्रा अनेन व्याख्याताः ।

Translation

All planets, along with the Sun and Moon, are explained by this (category).


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

वायुमण्डलं द्वितीयो लोकः ।

Translation

The atmosphere (Air-sphere) is the second world.


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं पञ्चात्मकः प्राणः ।

Translation

Pertaining to the body, (the atmosphere) is the fivefold Life-force (Prana).


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

तृतीयश्चन्द्रमाः ।

Translation

The third (world) is the Moon.


Sutra 7

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं मनः ।

Translation

Pertaining to the body, it is the Mind.


Sutra 8

Sanskrit Text

उपग्रहाः सर्वे चन्द्रमसा व्याख्याताः ।

Translation

All satellites (moons) are explained by the category of the Moon.


Sutra 9

Sanskrit Text

चतुर्थोऽसावादित्यः ।

Translation

The fourth is that Sun (Aditya).


Sutra 10

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं बुद्धिः ।

Translation

Pertaining to the body, it is the Intellect (Buddhi).


Sutra 11

Sanskrit Text

अमुुुनाऽऽदित्येनान्येऽधिपतय आदित्याश्च व्याख्याताः ।

Translation

By this Sun, all other presiding stars (Suns) are explained.


Sutra 12

Sanskrit Text

पञ्चम आकाशः ।

Translation

The fifth is Space (Akasha).


Sutra 13

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं गुहा ।

Translation

Pertaining to the body, it is the Cave (the Heart-space).


Sutra 14

Sanskrit Text

षष्ठः पराशक्तिः ।

Translation

The sixth is Para-shakti (Supreme Power).


Sutra 15

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं कुण्डलिनी ।

Translation

Pertaining to the body, it is Kundalini.


Sutra 16

Sanskrit Text

सप्तमः परमात्मा ।

Translation

The seventh is the Supreme Self (Paramatman).


Sutra 17

Sanskrit Text

अधिपिण्डं जीवात्मा ।

Translation

Pertaining to the body, it is the Individual Soul (Jivatman).


Sutra 18

Sanskrit Text

क्रमात्सप्तस्वेतेषु सप्त व्याप्तयो भवन्ति ।

Translation

Successively, with these seven, there are seven pervasions.


Summary

No.अधिलोकम् (Macrocosm)अधिपिण्डम् (Microcosm)Verse
1पृथिवी (Earth / Physical World)शरीरम् (The Physical Body)1-2
2वायुमण्डलम् (The Atmosphere)पञ्चात्मकः प्राणः (The Fivefold Prana)4-5
3चन्द्रमाः (The Moon / Satellites)मनः (The Mind)6-8
4आदित्यः (The Sun / Other Stars)बुद्धिः (The Intellect)9-11
5आकाशः (Space / Ether)गुहा (The Heart-Cave)12-13
6पराशक्तिः (Supreme Power)कुण्डलिनी (Coiled Energy)14-15
7परमात्मा (Supreme Self)जीवात्मा (Individual Soul)16-17

Sutra 19

Sanskrit Text

त्रैलोक्यपक्षे ।

Translation

Regarding the perspective of the Three Worlds (Trailokya):


Sutra 20

Sanskrit Text

अयं लोकः पृथिवी ।

Translation

This world (the first) is Earth.


Sutra 21

Sanskrit Text

वायुमण्डलं चन्द्रमा आकाश इत्यन्तरिक्षं त्रेधा ।

Translation

The Atmosphere, Moon, and Space constitute the threefold Mid-region (Antariksha).


Sutra 22

Sanskrit Text

सूर्यादित्रिकं शेषं त्रिविधा द्यौः ।

Translation

The triad starting with the Sun and the rest constitute the threefold Heaven (Dyauḥ).


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चतुर्थं प्रकृत्युपव्याख्यानम्

Chapter 4: Exposition on Nature (Prakriti)

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

सर्वदृश्यचित्राभिनिर्वाकाशः ।

Translation

Space is the field for the manifestation of the entire panorama of the Seen (dṛśya).


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

अदितिर्वा एषा यदाकाशः ।

Translation

This Space is indeed Aditi (the Infinite/Boundless).


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

सा प्रकृतिस्तेजोऽबन्नानाम् ।

Translation

She is the Nature (Prakriti) of fire, water, and food (earth).


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

शक्तिरन्या प्रकृतेः ।

Translation

Power (Shakti) is distinct from Nature.


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

दृश्यमूलसामग्री प्रकृतिः ।

Translation

Nature is the fundamental material/resource for the Seen.


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

चेतनव्यापारः शक्तिः ।

Translation

Power is the activity of consciousness.



पञ्चमं शक्तिस्तरङ्गोपव्याख्यानम्

Chapter 5: Exposition on the Waves of Power

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

शक्तेस्त्रयस्तरङ्गाः ।

Translation

Power has three waves (vibrations/modes).


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

प्राणविद्युत्प्रणवाः ।

Translation

(The three waves are) Prāṇa (Vital Force), Vidyut (Energy/Electricity), and Praṇava (The Sacred Sound Om).


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

तेषां भूयः स्पष्टपवनसौदामिनीशब्दात्मनाऽभिव्यक्तिर्निमित्तैः ।

Translation

Their further clear (spaṣṭa) manifestation (occurs) through the instrumental causes (nimittaiḥ) of breath (pavana), lightning/flashes (saudāminī), and sound (śabda).


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

विद्युदेवोपाधिभेदादितरे ज्योतिषी ।

Translation

Energy (Vidyut) itself, through different limiting conditions (upādhis), appears as the other lights.



षष्ठं विद्योपव्याख्यानम्

Chapter 6: Exposition on the Vidyas (Meditative Sciences)

This chapter lists various Upanishadic meditations (Vidyas) and their focal points (Lakshya).

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

सर्वत्र ब्रह्मदृष्टिः शाण्डिल्यविद्या ।

Translation

Seeing Brahman in everything is Śāṇḍilya Vidya.


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

महन्मौनं भूमविद्या ।

Translation

Great Silence is Bhūma Vidya.


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

आकाशलक्ष्ये दृष्टिः परोवरीयसीविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing on the infinite Space is Parovarīyasī Vidya.


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

हृदयाकाशे दहरविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing on the space within the heart is Dahara Vidya.


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

दृष्टिर्द्रष्टावा लक्ष्यं चेदक्षिपुरुषविद्या ।

Translation

If vision or the Seer is the focus, it is Akshi-purusha Vidya.


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

प्राणगत्यन्ववेक्षणं संवर्गविद्या ।

Translation

Observing the movement of the Life-force is Saṃvarga Vidya.


Sutra 7

Sanskrit Text

अन्तरस्वरानुसन्धानमक्षरविद्या ।

Translation

Contemplating the inner sound/vowel is Akshara Vidya.


Sutra 8

Sanskrit Text

मन्त्राक्षरानुसन्धानं मन्त्रोद्गीथविद्या ।

Translation

Contemplating the syllables of a Mantra is Mantra-Udgītha Vidya.


Sutra 9

Sanskrit Text

अन्तर्यूष्मन् अनुसन्धानं ज्योतिर्विद्या ।

Translation

Contemplating the inner warmth/heat is Jyotir-vidya.


Sutra 10

Sanskrit Text

आत्मज्ञप्तिरविचालिता सद्विद्या ।

Translation

Unwavering pure consciousness of the Self is Sad-vidya.


Sutra 11

Sanskrit Text

उत्तरगात्रलक्ष्या बुद्धिः वैश्वानरविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing the intellect on the upper/higher body is Vaiśvānara Vidya.


Sutra 12

Sanskrit Text

प्रकाशलक्ष्या मधुविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing on the Light is Madhu Vidya.


Sutra 13

Sanskrit Text

हिरण्मयपुरुषलक्ष्या पुरुषोद्गीथविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing on the “Golden Person” is Purusha-Udgītha Vidya.


Sutra 14

Sanskrit Text

उपजिह्वालक्ष्ये इन्द्रयोनिविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing on the uvula is Indrayoni Vidya.


Sutra 15

Sanskrit Text

जिह्वारसलक्ष्या वारुणीविद्या ।

Translation

Focusing on the taste on the tongue is Vāruṇī Vidya.



सप्तमं त्रिपुटी उपव्याख्यानम्

Chapter 7: Exposition on the Triad (Tripuṭī)

This chapter discusses the mechanics of experience—the relationship between the subject and the object.

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

अनुभूतिरवितथा ।

Translation

Experience (Anubhuti) is infallible (it is the fundamental truth).


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

भोक्तृ-भोग्य-भोगरूपा ।

Translation

It consists of three forms: the Enjoyer (Bhoktā), the Object enjoyed (Bhogya), and the Act of enjoyment (Bhoga).


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

अविभाज्या ह्यंशा एते ।

Translation

These parts are, in truth, inseparable.


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

तस्मादनुभूतेरेकरूपता त्रिरूपता च ।

Translation

Therefore, experience is simultaneously one-form (unified) and three-form (differentiated).


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

आदिर्भोक्ता परमात्मा ।

Translation

The primordial Enjoyer is the Paramatman (Supreme Self).


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

आदि भोग्यमाकाशम् ।

Translation

The primordial object of enjoyment is Akasha (Space).


Sutra 7

Sanskrit Text

आदिर्भोगस्तपः ।

Translation

The primordial enjoyment (activity) is Tapas (Cosmic Heat/Austerity).


Sutra 8

Sanskrit Text

सर्गात् प्राक् सर्वभूतबीजमाकाशं परमात्मनि लीनम् ।

Translation

Before creation, Space (Akasha)—which is the seed of all beings—was dissolved in the Supreme Self.


Sutra 9

Sanskrit Text

न तदा भोगः प्रस्फुटस्तपसः प्रशान्तेः ।

Translation

At that time, there was no manifest enjoyment because Tapas was at rest (latent).


Sutra 10

Sanskrit Text

तस्मादविभागस्तदा भोक्तृभोग्ययोः ।

Translation

Therefore, there was no division then between the Enjoyer and the Enjoyed.


Sutra 11

Sanskrit Text

भोग एव भोक्तृभोग्यविभागायेत्युक्तं भवति ।

Translation

It is said that the act of Enjoyment itself creates the division between the Enjoyer and the Enjoyed.


Sutra 12

Sanskrit Text

भोक्ता सत्यमुच्यते ।

Translation

The Enjoyer is called Satya (The Truth/The Real).


Sutra 13

Sanskrit Text

भोग्यममृतं प्राणत्वात् ।

Translation

The Enjoyed is called Amrita (Immortal/Nectar) because of its nature as Prana.


Sutra 14

Sanskrit Text

आदौ तयोर्विभक्ततयाऽभिव्यक्तिं पश्यन्‌ “ऋतं च सत्यं चाभीद्धात्तपसोऽध्यजायत” इति ऋषिराह ।

Translation

Seeing their manifestation in a differentiated state in the beginning, the Rishi says: “From the kindled Tapas (creative intensity), Cosmic Order (Ṛta) and Truth (Satya) were born.”



अष्टमं जीवोपव्याख्यानम्

Chapter 8: Exposition on the Soul (Jiva)

This chapter explores how the individual life-force and soul are formed and transmitted.

Sutra 1

Sanskrit Text

श्रेष्ठः प्राण एवान्ये प्राणाः स्वरूपतः ।

Translation

The Chief Life-force (Mukhya Prana) is essentially the same as the other vital breaths (Pranas).


Sutra 2

Sanskrit Text

स्थानभेदाद्भेदेन व्यवहारः ।

Translation

They are spoken of as different only because they occupy different locations in the body.


Sutra 3

Sanskrit Text

एकस्थस्याणोरपि रश्मिभिः सर्वस्थानव्याप्तिः ।

Translation

Even though the soul is like an atom residing in one spot, it pervades the entire body through its “rays” (consciousness/energy).


Sutra 4

Sanskrit Text

स कर्मभिः क्षणे क्षणे गुणतो विपरिणम्यते ।

Translation

It undergoes transformation moment by moment in terms of its qualities, driven by actions (karmas).


Sutra 5

Sanskrit Text

न स्वरूपतः ।

Translation

But its essential nature remains unchanged.


Sutra 6

Sanskrit Text

तस्यैवोत्क्रान्तिर्गतिश्च ।

Translation

Its movement is described as “departure” (utkranti—death/transition).


Sutra 7

Sanskrit Text

सादिः ।

Translation

This (individualized state) has a beginning.


Sutra 8

Sanskrit Text

जीवात्मन उपाधिः ।

Translation

It serves as the limiting adjunct (upādhi) for the Supreme Self to appear as the individual soul (Jivatman).


Sutra 9

Sanskrit Text

प्राणस्य सादित्वाज्जीवस्यापि सादित्वमौपाधिकम् ।

Translation

Since the life-force (Prana) has a beginning, the “beginning” of the soul is also merely conditional/apparent.


Sutra 10

Sanskrit Text

एतेन कर्मणामुपाधीनाञ्चानादित्वं प्रत्युक्तं भवति ।

Translation

By this, the beginninglessness of actions and adjuncts is explained.


Sutra 11

Sanskrit Text

तस्यात्मलाभो जनकस्य प्राणात् ।

Translation

The individual soul attains its identity from the life-force of the progenitor (father).


Sutra 12

Sanskrit Text

दीपादिव दीपस्य ।

Translation

Just as one lamp is lit from another lamp.


Sutra 13

Sanskrit Text

अनन्तरं तत्रात्माभासः ।

Translation

Thereafter, the reflection of the Atman (ātmābhāsa) appears within it.


Sutra 14

Sanskrit Text

आगतिश्चेत्सत्या तत्र नूतनेऽवतीर्णस्य प्रौढस्य प्राणस्य आवेशः ।

Translation

If the concept of “coming” (rebirth) is true, it is the entry of a mature, prior life-force into a newly descended one.


Sutra 15

Sanskrit Text

तदोभयोः सायुज्यं दीपयोरिव युक्तयोः ।

Translation

Then there is a union of the two, like two lamps joined together.


Sutra 16

Sanskrit Text

श्रुतेरागतिः सत्यैवेति चेदश्रुतिरपि ।

Translation

If it is argued that “coming” (reincarnation) is true because of scripture, there is also scripture suggesting otherwise.


Sutra 17

Sanskrit Text

गतस्य यावत्सम्पद्गतिरेवेत्येवं मतम् ।

Translation

As long as there is a goal to be attained for the one who has departed, it is considered a journey (gati); such is the doctrine.


Sutra 18

Sanskrit Text

आर्याणां श्राद्धकाण्डं प्रायस्तन्मतानुसारात् ।

Translation

The section on funeral/ancestral rites (Śrāddha) of the Aryans is mostly based on that understanding.


Sutra 19

Sanskrit Text

पुण्यपापज्ञानाज्ञानान्यपि आलस्यनिरर्थकतेति चेच्छीघ्रविलम्बाभ्यां तत्सार्थकत्वम् ।। १९ ।।

Translation

If it is argued that merit, sin, knowledge, and ignorance are meaningless due to inertia/laziness (fatalism), (the answer is that) their purpose and meaning are established through the speeding up (śaighrya) or delaying (vilamba) of their results.


Sutra 20

Sanskrit Text

अन्यस्याप्येवम् ।। २० ।।

Translation

This applies to other factors as well.


Sutra 21

Sanskrit Text

नित्यबन्धवादिनो नास्तिकेभ्योऽपि खलाः ।। २१ ।।

Translation

Those who preach “Eternal Bondage” (the idea that some souls can never be liberated) are more wicked/vile (khalāḥ) than even the atheists (nāstikebhyaḥ).


Sutra 22

Sanskrit Text

गतस्यागतिः कर्मफलक्षये भूय इत्यपरं मतम् ।। २२ ।।

Translation

The return (āgatiḥ) of the one who has departed occurs upon the exhaustion of the fruits of their actions; such is the other view.


Sutra 23

Sanskrit Text

श्रेष्ठस्य प्रकृतिः प्रथममते सर्वथा पितृप्राणानुसारिणी ।। २३ ।।

Translation

According to the first view, the nature/disposition of the most excellent (body) is entirely following the life-force (prāṇa) of the father.


Sutra 24

Sanskrit Text

द्वितीयमते प्राधान्येन स्वपूर्वप्रकृत्यनुसारिणी ।। २४ ।।

Translation

According to the second view, it primarily follows its own previous nature (disposition from past lives).


Sutra 25

Sanskrit Text

उभयत्रापि परिणामस्त्वधुनातनकर्मायत्तः ।। २५ ।।

Translation

In both cases (whether influenced by lineage or past nature), the final transformation rests entirely upon one’s current actions.


Sutra 26

Sanskrit Text

फलेषु दृष्टहेतुकत्वान्नादृष्टकल्पनम् ।। २६ ।।

Translation

Because results have perceivable (visible) causes, there is no need to assume unseen/mysterious forces (blind fate).


Sutra 27

Sanskrit Text

सति सम्भवे स्वप्रकृतेर्हेतुत्वं न निवार्यते ।। २७ ।।

Translation

Wherever possible, the causality of one’s own (current) nature (innate disposition) is not denied.


Sutra 28

Sanskrit Text

विषयभेदेनोभयोर्मतयोः सम्भवोऽस्तीति वासिष्ठो मन्यते ।। २८ ।।

Translation

Vāsiṣṭha (the author) considers that both views are possible depending on the specific context/subject.


Conclusion

Sanskrit Text

इति श्रीभगवन्महर्षिरमणान्तेवासिनो वासिष्ठस्य नरसिंहसूनोर्गणपतेः कृतिर्मनीषासङ्ग्रहः समाप्तः ।।

Translation

Thus concludes the Manīṣāsaṅgrahaḥ (The Compendium of Wisdom), composed by Gaṇapati, the son of Narasiṃha of the Vasiṣṭha lineage, and a devoted disciple of Śrī Bhagavān Maharṣi Ramaṇa.